Frozen ShoulderAdhesive Capsulitis
Understand the three phases of frozen shoulder and how physiotherapy improves mobility, reduces pain and restores function.
What is frozen shoulder?
Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) is a condition causing pain and stiffness in the shoulder joint. It progresses through three phases and typically resolves within 12-18 months with appropriate treatment.
Seek urgent care if shoulder pain is severe, sudden, occurs with chest pain, or if you experience numbness or weakness in the arm.
Who it affects and typical treatment
Who it affects
- Adults aged 40-60 years (most common)
- Women more affected than men
- People with diabetes or thyroid disorders
Typical treatment plan
- Pain management and education
- Progressive stretching and mobility exercises
- Strengthening and functional retraining
Common causes
Idiopathic
No known cause - most common type affecting 2-5% of population.
Diabetes
People with diabetes have 2-4 times higher risk.
Thyroid disorders
Hypothyroidism increases risk of frozen shoulder.
Previous injury
Shoulder trauma or surgery can trigger the condition.
Immobilization
Prolonged shoulder immobilization after injury.
Common symptoms
- Severe shoulder pain, especially at night
- Progressive stiffness and loss of range of motion
- Difficulty reaching overhead or behind back
- Sleep disturbance and functional limitations
Related symptoms: Shoulder pain, Reduced range of motion
How a physiotherapist can help
- Pain management strategies and education
- Progressive stretching and mobility exercises
- Strengthening and functional retraining
Effective treatments
Manual therapy
- Joint mobilisation and soft tissue techniques
- Pain relief and improved mobility
Therapeutic exercise
- Progressive stretching and strengthening
- Functional movement retraining
At‑home management
Pain relief
- Heat or ice therapy as tolerated
- Avoid sleeping on the affected shoulder
- Use pillows to support the arm
Gentle movement
- Pendulum exercises and gentle stretches
- Avoid forcing painful movements
- Gradually increase range of motion
Activity modification
- Use adaptive equipment for daily tasks
- Avoid overhead activities initially
- Maintain general fitness and health
Stop any exercise that significantly increases pain.
What to expect in physiotherapy
1) Assessment
- Range of motion, pain and function evaluation
- Agree goals and treatment timeline
2) Plan
- Pain management and education
- Progressive stretching and strengthening
3) Progress
- Advance exercises and return to activities
- Long-term management and prevention
Most people see improvement within 6-12 weeks with consistent treatment.
Medical Disclaimer
This information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.