Joint StiffnessSymptoms
Why stiffness happens and how progressive mobility and strengthening restore comfortable movement.
What is joint stiffness?
Stiffness describes a reduced, effortful range of motion that can follow injury, overload, arthritis or periods of inactivity. It usually improves with graded movement and strength.
Seek urgent care if stiffness is accompanied by severe unexplained pain, fever, a hot swollen joint, or sudden inability to bear weight.
Who it affects and typical treatment
Who it affects
- People after injury or surgery
- Individuals with osteoarthritis or inflammatory flares
- Those with prolonged inactivity or high repetitive loads
Typical treatment plan
- Graded mobility plus strengthening in new range
- Load management and pacing education
- Short‑term pain relief options if indicated
Common causes
Arthritis
Joint changes that benefit from movement and loading.
Post‑injury
Protective guarding and swelling limit motion.
Post‑surgery
Early guided mobility prevents long‑term stiffness.
Inactivity/overload
Tissues adapt to too little or too much load.
Common symptoms
- Reduced range and end‑range discomfort
- Stiffness after rest that eases with movement
- Tightness impacting work, sport or self‑care
- Occasional swelling or warmth after activity
How a physiotherapist can help
- Range‑building drills and joint mobilising exercise
- Strengthening into new ranges to “lock in” gains
- Load management, pacing and flare strategies
Effective treatments
Therapeutic exercise
- Mobility plus strength and functional practice
- Progressive loading to improve tolerance
Manual therapy (short‑term)
- Pain‑modulating techniques supporting movement
- Soft tissue or joint techniques as indicated
At‑home management
Mobility
- Slow range drills 2–3×/day
- Heat before, gentle ice after as preferred
- Stay within tolerable limits
Strength
- Light loading in shorter range → progress
- Add functional tasks (sit‑to‑stand, steps)
- Track reps and comfort
Habits
- Alternate activity and rest
- Pace increases week to week
- Sleep and recovery support adaptation
If symptoms spike, reduce intensity/volume and retry later.
What to expect in physiotherapy
1) Assessment
- Range, strength, irritability; screen red flags
- Agree goals relevant to daily function
2) Plan
- Progressive mobility and strength
- Education and flare strategies
3) Progress
- Increase range, load and functional challenge
- Return‑to‑activity criteria
Most notice improvements within 4–12 weeks with consistent practice.
Medical Disclaimer
This information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.